This study investigated whether
baseline vitamin D level is associated with the incidence of type 2
diabetes in high-risk subjects for up to 5 years of follow-up, independently of
obesity, baseline insulin resistance, and β cell
function. Participants were 1080 nondiabetic Korean subjects based on the
presence of one or more risk factors for type 2 diabetes, including obesity,
hypertension, dyslipidemia, and/or family history of type 2 diabetes. Of the
participants, 10.5% had a serum vitamin D deficiency (<10 ng/mL),
51.6% had an insufficiency (10.0-19.9 ng/mL), and 38.0% had a sufficiency (≥20
ng/mL), and the incidence of type 2 diabetes at 32.3 months declined
accordingly: 15.9%, 10.2%, and 5.4%, respectively. After adjustment for age,
sex, blood pressure, lifestyles, family history, season, parathyroid hormone,
and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, the participants with vitamin
D deficiency had an increased risk of type 2 diabetes (106% increase for
vitamin D levels 10-19.9 ng/mL compared with ≥20 ng/mL and 223% for vitamin D
level <10 ng/mL compared with ≥20 ng/mL) independently of BMI,
HOMA2-IR, and insulinogenic index. The authors conclude "The current
prospective study suggests that vitamin D metabolism may play a role in type 2
diabetes pathogenesis independently of known risk factors".
Lim S, Kim MJ, Choi SH, Shin CS,
Park KS, Jang HC, Billings LK, Meigs JB. Association of vitamin D deficiency
with incidence of type 2 diabetes in high-risk Asian subjects. Am J Clin Nutr.
2013 Mar;97(3):524-30.
